The Third-Party Effect of Judgment in Administrative Litigation: a Comparative Study of Japan and Taiwan

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Project title/計畫英文名

Project Number/計畫編號

MOST 107-2410-H-033-009-

Translated Name/計畫中文名

行政訴訟判決之對世效──日本法與台灣法之比較研究

Project Principal Investigator/計畫主持人

Lin, Meng-Nan

Funding Organization/主管機關

國家科學及技術委員會

Department/Unit/單位系所

Financial & Economic Law

Start date/計畫起

01-08-2018

Expected Completion/計畫迄

31-07-2019

行政為追求公共利益，調整各方利害衝突，常以單一行政處分規制多數人間之法律關係。該處分如發生紛爭而遭行政法院以判決撤銷後，實體法上應使法律上利害關係人回歸該處分作成前之同一法律狀態。然而行政處分規制之多數人，未必均成為訴訟當事人，則訴訟法上應如何劃一解決行政紛爭，避免訴訟當事人以外之法律上利害關係人嗣後個別提起其他訴訟而生歧異認定，即成一大課題。我國法行政訴訟法雖規定撤銷判決具有對世力，惟學說與實務向來鮮少深入討論，制度運用上仍有不明之處。本計畫擬考察行政紛爭劃一解決之立法目的下，撤銷判決之對世效如何影響第三人之法律地位，訴訟制度上應如何妥適賦予第三人應有之程序保障地位，進而展望立法論上將對世效規定準用至處分無效確認訴訟及處分違法確認訴訟之可能性。具體而言，擬檢討以下三項課題：（1）對世效之理論根據與本質、（2）對世效之主觀範圍、（3）對世效之第三人程序保障。而鑑於我國法對於這三項課題之議論較少，本計畫擬以日本法為比較研究對象，從中探求可供我國法解釋論與立法論參考之處。
An administrative act may regulate many individuals’ legal status. If court quashes this administrative act by judgment, individuals’ legal status shall be restored in substantive law. However, given res judicata of judgment is effective only among parties in procedural law, the possible administrative dispute among other individuals who did not join the case may not be settled. How to expand the effect of judgment against a third party is the issue in question. This study contends that third-party effect of judgment can generally settle administrative dispute. This study will analyze three topics: (1) the fundamental theory and nature of third-party effect; (2) the subjective scope of third-party effect; (3) the procedural rights of third-party. Since third-party effect of judgment in Taiwan has been greatly influenced by Japan, this study will compare third-party effect in Taiwan with that in Japan.

Keyword(s)

行政訴訟
對世效
形成訴訟
形成力
既判力
重新審理
訴訟參加
administrative litigation
third-party effect
constitutive judgment
constitutive effect
res judicata
action for retrial by third party
intervention

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The Third-Party Effect of Judgment in Administrative Litigation: a Comparative Study of Japan and Taiwan

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